Sprinkler system backflow preventer

Sprinkler system backflow preventer

Sprinkler system backflow preventer. A backflow preventer is designed to stop water from flowing backward through your pipes. In the case of a sprinkler system, installing one can prevent harmful contaminants like …Best backflow preventers for sprinkler systems – Comparison table. Product Image. Backflow preventer. Febco 765-1” breaker. Zurn 720A Wilkins vacuum breaker. Homewerks worldwide pressure breaker. …Aug 16, 2017 · If your lawn sprinkler system has a leak, turning the controller off won’t stop the water. You’ll have to pull the lever at either the backflow device or the main water shut-off. Turn Off Your Sprinklers at the Backflow Device. Your backflow device is usually located outside or in your basement. How to properly and quickly winterize your sprinkler system by blowing it out using your existing backflow preventer. This is a step-by-step …Feature: Quality oxford fabric and PP insulated cotton make the backflow preventers protection waterproof to keep your pipes away from freezing cold, strap at the bottom allow you to open and close easily, keep the backflow device / irrigation system / lawn sprinkler system from freezing or sunning. …Shop now: https://www.sprinklerwarehouse.com/product/lawn-irrigation/backflow-preventersThis video will help you understand the importance of installing a ba...The cost of a backflow prevention device varies widely, typically ranging from $35 to $600. Factors like system size and desired efficiency greatly affect the price. If you're installing multiple units, you might see some cost savings, including reduced labor expenses. However, when dealing with older pipes made from non-plastic materials, the ... 1. Backflow Preventer. Sprinkler system backflow preventer is a term used to describe a device that, upon detecting the presence of a contaminant, prevents it from flowing in the opposite direction (backward) through your sprinkler system. Sprinkler system backflow Prevention ensures that water flows only in one direction in a piping system. A backflow preventer is a device that prevents contaminants from entering a potable water source during a backflow event. In most homes the landscape irrigation system and the potable water system are one and the same — there is no separation. Jan 18, 2023 · Locate the main water supply for your irrigation system and turn the valve fully off. Drain backflow preventer. There should be two “check valves” on your backflow preventer that can be drained using a flathead screwdriver. Turn these to their open position, let them drain fully, and leave them open. Turn ball valves to half open. Backflow is the likely culprit. The Conbraco 4A-500 Freeze Resistant PVB Backflow Preventer is just one example of a backflow prevention device. What is Backflow? Backflow occurs when water in an irrigation system, instead of flowing out, flows upstream. And it carries with it contamination from whatever was around the …Top pick under $75. Fits 3/4″ lines. Max 150 PSI and 140°F. Our pick for the best sprinkler and irrigations System preventer is the Zurn 3/4″ 710 Pressure Vacuum Breaker Assembly. This valve is made of bronze and specifically designed to prevent backflow on potable water lines. The valve is lightweight, and has a few moving …Mar 12, 2024 · The installation procedure for a backflow preventer includes the following steps: Step 1. Shut off the main water supply and open any outdoor taps near the backflow preventer, allowing all the water in the system to drain. Step 2. Disconnect any pipes connected to the existing sprinkler system. Step 3. 34-950XLT 3/4'' Backflow Preventer - Top Access Double Check Valve Assembly. Features / Benefits. 3/4'' FPT x FPT Connection. Maximum Working Pressure: 175 psi. Temperature Range: 33°F - 180°F. Top access double-checks for hassle-free maintenance and repairs. Seats and silicone seal rings are fully replaceable for reduced maintenance costs.Backflow testing cost ranges from $40 to $120 and can be performed by a local plumber. Backflow preventers are used to keep water flowing in one direction so that clean water supplies (such as the main city water system) do not become contaminated. Backflowing can occur when there is a loss of pressure in the main system, which … Backflow is the likely culprit. The Conbraco 4A-500 Freeze Resistant PVB Backflow Preventer is just one example of a backflow prevention device. What is Backflow? Backflow occurs when water in an irrigation system, instead of flowing out, flows upstream. And it carries with it contamination from whatever was around the output source. The IAPMO training program provides the student with the necessary knowledge and skills to become an ASSE certified backflow preventer tester, repairer, or cross-connection control surveyor. When completing the application for the tester courses, IAPMO must receive a photocopy of any current certification for re-certification purposes or ...When your sprinkler system is connected to a potable water supply, the backflow prevention device (BPD) is what protects the water source from possible contamination. It prevents contaminated water from flowing backward into your drinking water – hence the name “backflow preventer.”Learn what backflow preventers are, how they work, and why they are important for your sprinkler system. Find out the types, benefits, and maintenance tips of backflow devices from Sprinkler Warehouse. See moreLooking into installing a above ground reduced pressure backflow preventor for my irrigation system. Looking at many examples and videos online, I saw different types of piping from PVC, Copper and Galvanized Steel used for the above ground installation like the …Sep 18, 2023 · Installing a backflow preventer can be a bit tricky, but with some preparation and know-how, it’s a fairly easy process. Start by turning off your water main and draining your sprinkler system. Then, choose a suitable location for your backflow preventer and install it according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Your irrigation system is key to maintaining a healthy landscape all year. When it comes to any irrigation system, backflow is a bad term. It's something that should not be taken lightly. Irrigation backflow can contaminate clean water in the mainline of your home, leading to diseases and irrigation problems. Backflow …Built-In Backflow Protection. Anti-siphon is a type of backflow preventer and is an essential part of any commercial plumbing installation which is connected in any way to a potable water source. They are required by building codes everywhere. Shop Sprinkler Warehouse Anti-Siphon Valves: Irritrol Anti-Siphon Valves; Rain Bird Anti-Siphon ValvesSprinkler System Winterization. Valves. Shop All Valves; Check Valves. Inline Valves. Gate Valves. Pressure Reducing Valves. Valve Actuators. Electric to Hydraulic Converters. ... Conbraco 4A-200 RPZ Backflow Preventer with Union End Ball Valve 1-1/2 in. | CDC4A-207-A2F . On-Sale $603.62 List Price $1,025.95. SKU: CDC4A-207-A2F. Add to Cart ...Which MD Counties Require Backflow Preventer Testing? In most areas of Maryland, backflow preventers are required on all new homes, as well as those that have been recently remodeled. They are also required for all residential irrigation and sprinkler systems. There are several types of backflow preventers, including: Testable backflow ...This type of Sprinkler system backflow preventer uses air to activate the device. It acts as a check valve but is designed to open when running an appliance that draws water through the pipe. Double Check Valve. This type of Sprinkler system backflow preventer uses both an air gap and pressure-activated mechanism. It …A: Hi, The Cash Acme 3/4 in. BF-1 Series Dual Check Backflow Preventer prevents polluted water from entering the potable water supply system by preventing the reverse flow of water into supply lines. The Cash Acme 3/4 in. BF-1 Series Dual Check Backflow Preventer will not do the same job as a sump pump. You will …Introduction. Sprinkler systems are essential for keeping landscapes looking their best. They make sure plants and lawns get the right amount of H2O at the right times. One key component of a sprinkler system that people often overlook is the backflow preventer.. This device plays a very important role in keeping …A sprinkler backflow preventer is an essential piece of equipment for your home’s irrigation system. It prevents backflow from your system, which can lead to serious health problems. ... If you choose to use a hose without activating the backflow preventer system, there is a chance that water may escape due to …Locate the main water supply for your irrigation system and turn the valve fully off. Drain backflow preventer. There should be two “check valves” on your backflow preventer that can be drained using a flathead screwdriver. Turn these to their open position, let them drain fully, and leave them open. Turn ball …From the irrigation system and back into the water supply. The cause of the backflow Preventer is simply the way water behaves. Water wants to go from an area of high pressure to an area of lower pressure. And this is exactly what it does. So the issue occurs when the water pressure in the system is too high compared to the water supply.Backflow is the undesirable reversal of the flow of water or mixtures of water and other substances back into the public water system. Backflow is caused by a drop in water pressure (i.e., while fire fighters battle a blaze or while crews are repairing a water main). A backflow preventer is a mechanical device that acts as a check valve to ...Sprinkler System Winterization. Valves. Shop All Valves; Check Valves. Inline Valves. Gate Valves. Pressure Reducing Valves. Valve Actuators. Electric to Hydraulic Converters ... Conbraco 4A-500 Freeze Resistant PVB Backflow Preventer 3/4 in. FPT | CDC4A-504-A2F. Secure transaction : SKU. CDC4A-504-A2F. Free Shipping on Orders over $149. …Feature: Quality oxford fabric and PP insulated cotton make the backflow preventers protection waterproof to keep your pipes away from freezing cold, strap at the bottom allow you to open and close easily, keep the backflow device / irrigation system / lawn sprinkler system from freezing or sunning. …ford service trainingppoc club Backflow is the likely culprit. The Conbraco 4A-500 Freeze Resistant PVB Backflow Preventer is just one example of a backflow prevention device. What is Backflow? Backflow occurs when water in an irrigation system, instead of flowing out, flows upstream. And it carries with it contamination from whatever was around the …Pressure Vacuum Breaker Basics. A pressure vacuum breaker (PVB) is an essential component of irrigation systems. It provides protection against backflow or back siphoning of water from the irrigation system to your home's freshwater supply—your drinking water. Most sprinkler systems have a PVB …6 days ago · A sprinkler backflow preventer is an essential piece of equipment for your home’s irrigation system. It prevents backflow from your system, which can lead to serious health problems. Unfortunately, these preventers can sometimes leak, which can cause severe damage to your home and yard. Watts. 1 in. Fire Sprinkler Dual Check Backflow Preventer Lead Free. Questions & Answers (1) Hover Image to Zoom. $180.65. Pay $155.65 after $25 OFF your total qualifying purchase upon opening a new card. Apply for a Home Depot Consumer Card. Prevents the reverse flow of polluted water. Ideal for non-continuous water health hazard applications.Serial Number visible in any installed orientation. Top access for easy maintainability. Protects against back siphonage. Typical application: irrigation system. The owner must protect from freeze damage. Maximum working water pressure: 150 PSI. Maximum working water temperature: 110F. Hydrostatic test pressure: 300 PSI.Febco is one of the leading manufacturers of reduced pressure zone backflow preventers. Typically, a reduced pressure zone assembly enclosure can be either a job-built concrete vault or two twelve-inch deep valve boxes stacked vertically with bottoms together. If you use two valve boxes, you’ll discard the lid of the bottom box.Backflow testing cost ranges from $40 to $120 and can be performed by a local plumber. Backflow preventers are used to keep water flowing in one direction so that clean water supplies (such as the main city water system) do not become contaminated. Backflowing can occur when there is a loss of pressure in the main system, which …Apr 15, 2020 · A backflow preventer formed by two valves and the blue assembly they flank serves several fire sprinkler system risers. Source: A. L. Fire Protection While UPC does differentiate between residential and commercial systems, its leniency only applies to residential systems using potable water piping materials. Modified on: Wed, 31 Jan, 2024 at 10:57 AM. Backflow prevention is perhaps the second most important component of an irrigation system after the water itself. Backflow prevention’s primary goal is to protect the potable water supply from harmful contaminants that can be found in the soil. Bacteria, fungus, fertilizers and …Modified on: Wed, 31 Jan, 2024 at 10:57 AM. Backflow prevention is perhaps the second most important component of an irrigation system after the water itself. Backflow prevention’s primary goal is to protect the potable water supply from harmful contaminants that can be found in the soil. Bacteria, fungus, fertilizers and … what to watch on paramountwipe hard drive There are many variables in a sprinkler system, and the kinds of parts you need to repair your system will rely entirely on the nature of your problem.. Here's a breakdown, according to HomeAdvisor, of some of the items you may need to replace and their typical costs:. Head: $3–$30 Valve: $13–$150 Backflow …Backflow 101. Learn about backflow preventer products and applications. This webinar will define backflow configurations typical to the fire protection industry. The presentation will also discuss the importance of pressure loss and water flow curves and how they impact fire protection systems. The final discussion will be on the difference ...100-ASVF Flow: 0.2 to 40 GPM (0,05 to 9,085 m³/h; 0,01 to 2,52 l/s). For flows below 3 GPM (0,68 m³h; 0,19 l/s) or any Landscape Drip products application, use a 200 mesh filter installed upstream. Water temperature: Up to 110°F (43°C) Ambient air temperature: Up to 125°F (52°C) Solenoid coil resistance: 38 Ohms. wavy hair perm men Backflow Prevention. Backflow Prevention is the installation of a Backflow Preventer, which is a device designed to keep the water inside the fire-protection system on a property and preventing it from backflowing into the municipal system. Thus the water can only flow in one direction — into the building’s fire-protection system. hp vs lenovotempeh recipemold removal products Industrial Style Plug to Female SAE 45-degree Flare Fittings | Adapters to Winterize Blow out Backflow Preventer and Pressure Vacuum Breaker (PVB) for Sprinkler Systems (Solid Lead-Free Brass) ... Amazon's Choice . in Pipe Fittings . 2 offers from $8.99. Winterize Sprinkler System Blow Out Adapter: Air Compressor to National Pipe Threads …16 Apr 2023 ... If you have backflow prevention on the main line to the system manifold or line to the valves then you do not need any other backflow prevention ...Why is a backflow preventer required on lawn sprinkler systems? Monday, July 9, 2018. The science behind the problem is fairly simple. Warm air expands and can hold more humidity (moisture) than cool air, but when it comes in contact with window glass that is significantly colder than the air, the surface chills and shrinks the air volume. This ... hulu vs youtubetv Save money and your sprinkler system by minimizing sprinkler repair caused by frozen lines by prepping the system ahead of time. Unless you live in a warm climate, you won’t need i...When the water pressure drops, backflow preventer valves prevent unsafe water from getting into your potable water. irrigation expert repairs sprinkler system ... old forester birthday bourbon 2023 What is A Backflow Preventer And How Does It Work.Why we need backflow preventers to protect our homes and families from contaminated water in out water syst...Bel Aire – A vacuum breaker is required on all in-ground sprinkler systems. Backflow preventer must be tested by a City of Bel Aire licensed technician before April 1st every two years (even years) if the system is connected to the public water supply. System should be rebuilt/replaced every five year if needed.A backflow prevention system… prevents backflow Backflow prevention systems are devices installed onto a pipe that only allow water to flow in one direction . Think of it as a one-way gate that allows water from the city’s public water supply to flow into your home’s piping but stops water if and when it ever tries to flow backwards into ...Sprinkler System Winterization. Valves. Shop All Valves; Check Valves. Inline Valves. Gate Valves. Pressure Reducing Valves. Valve Actuators. Electric to Hydraulic Converters. ... Febco U765 PVB Backflow Preventer with Union End Ball Valve 1 in. Union End Ball Valve | FEU765-100 . On-Sale $216.16 List Price … cheap party busfresca vodka spritz Pressure Vacuum Breaker Basics. A pressure vacuum breaker (PVB) is an essential component of irrigation systems. It provides protection against backflow or back siphoning of water from the irrigation system to your home's freshwater supply—your drinking water. Most sprinkler systems have a PVB …#341 — Tools for Sprinkler System Backflow Valve Repair and Maintenance. April 21, 2020. Check Key tools make it easy and safe to service …Wilkins 710 PVB Backflow Preventer 1 in. FPT | WK710-100. SKU. WK710-100. Free Shipping on Orders over $74. Sales Price $102.72 Our Price $135.95 You save 24%. Add to Cart. Add to Project Add to Favorites Compare. Skip to … luxury portable bathrooms Use a screwdriver between the grooves and apply pressure from a hammer to loosen the bonnet. Grab a pair of channel locks and fasten them around the bonnet itself. Be careful not to squeeze or apply pressure on the actual brass. As a last resort, use a hacksaw to cut the bonnet into a few pieces.Generally, it means that water has frozen in your pipes – and it's forcing the topmost part of your backflow preventer off. How we can help. Our goal is repair…Want to reduce your chances of a thief making away with your ride? You could install a serious security system, but just as effective might be a car purchased with a pink, gold, or...The IAPMO training program provides the student with the necessary knowledge and skills to become an ASSE certified backflow preventer tester, repairer, or cross-connection control surveyor. When completing the application for the tester courses, IAPMO must receive a photocopy of any current certification for re-certification purposes or ... costco sealy mattressold blood noise endeavors 171. Winterizing Your PVB Sprinkler System Backflow Freeze Prevention. How to winterize the Backflow Preventer and Ball Valves in your sprinkler system. I …Florida Building code requires residential irrigation systems to have a backflow preventer. Established in 1990 the state requires that you have your backflow device tested every two years to prevent contaminating drinking water. ... lawn sprinklers, and fire sprinklers. If you are looking for a team of experienced Fort Lauderdale backflow ...Backflow Preventer Draining Procedure The backflow preventer is the plumbing device attached to the outside wall of the house and is the source of water to the irrigation system. Because this unit and the copper piping attached to it are exposed to the air, this unit can freeze and burst in only a few hours of below freezing temperatures.Wilkins 710 PVB Backflow Preventer 1 in. FPT | WK710-100. SKU. WK710-100. Free Shipping on Orders over $74. Sales Price $102.72 Our Price $135.95 You save 24%. Add to Cart. Add to Project Add to Favorites Compare. Skip to …Sprinkler System Winterization. Valves. Shop All Valves; Check Valves. Inline Valves. Gate Valves. Pressure Reducing Valves. Valve Actuators. Electric to Hydraulic Converters. ... Conbraco 4A-200 RPZ Backflow Preventer with Union End Ball Valve 1-1/2 in. | CDC4A-207-A2F . On-Sale $603.62 List Price $1,025.95. SKU: CDC4A-207-A2F. Add to Cart ...The Bonnet & Poppet Are A Simple Necessity For A Fail-Safe Backflow Preventer. 1. Shut off the water supply to the backflow preventer. Turn the water supply off to the backflow by turning the lower handle (as shown) 2. Remove all broken plastic parts from inside the device. Unscrew plastic bonnet. Remove any broken pieces from the inside.A backflow preventer helps maintain your fire suppression system’s integrity, preventing cross-connections or backflow scenarios that might hinder the …How to winterize the Backflow Preventer and Ball Valves in your sprinkler system. I included bonus preventative steps to ensure your backflow preventer won'...Step 2: Shut off the control system. You’ll also need to turn off your system’s automatic timer. Set your system to “off” or “rain mode” to prevent it …18 Jul 2022 ... A back flow preventer is a good idea if you are using your home's potable water line to run your irrigation. The preventer keeps potentially ...Bel Aire – A vacuum breaker is required on all in-ground sprinkler systems. Backflow preventer must be tested by a City of Bel Aire licensed technician before April 1st every two years (even years) if the system is connected to the public water supply. System should be rebuilt/replaced every five year if needed. stretchlab monthly membership cost See list of participating sites @NCIPrevention @NCISymptomMgmt @NCICastle The National Cancer Institute NCI Division of Cancer Prevention DCP Home Contact DCP Policies Disclaimer P...Veins have valves to prevent blood from flowing backwards and pooling, whereas arteries pump blood at higher pressures, which naturally prevents backflow. The valves in veins allow...If your lawn sprinkler system has a leak, turning the controller off won’t stop the water. You’ll have to pull the lever at either the backflow device or the main water shut-off. Turn Off Your Sprinklers at the Backflow Device. Your backflow device is usually located outside or in your basement.Reduced Pressure Zone (RPZ) valve is another name for a backflow device, according to Ravinia Plumbing. Plumbers install RPZ valves in pipes to protect drinking water and municipal... honda accord trim levels Backflow is the likely culprit. The Conbraco 4A-500 Freeze Resistant PVB Backflow Preventer is just one example of a backflow prevention device. What is Backflow? Backflow occurs when water in an irrigation system, instead of flowing out, flows upstream. And it carries with it contamination from whatever was around the output source. Glue an elbow turned upward onto the supply line. Allow solvent cement to dry. Measure, cut, and glue a length of PVC long enough to extend from the elbow on the supply line to at least twelve inches above grade. The vertical pipe should be plumb. Prepare the double-check valve assembly. A fire riser room is a room in a building where the fire pump and automatic sprinklers are located. The fire riser room also contains the primary water input for the sprinkler syst... pick up old refrigerator The number-one reason to install a backflow preventer in a home is if you have a sprinkler system that cross-connects with the drinking water system. If an event causes a drop in the water main’s pressure because of a nearby burst pipe or the use of a fire hydrant, the water pressure difference can cause contaminants to flow back through … 1. Backflow Preventer. Sprinkler system backflow preventer is a term used to describe a device that, upon detecting the presence of a contaminant, prevents it from flowing in the opposite direction (backward) through your sprinkler system. Sprinkler system backflow Prevention ensures that water flows only in one direction in a piping system. Backflow is the likely culprit. The Conbraco 4A-500 Freeze Resistant PVB Backflow Preventer is just one example of a backflow prevention device. What is Backflow? Backflow occurs when water in an irrigation system, instead of flowing out, flows upstream. And it carries with it contamination from whatever was around the …#341 — Tools for Sprinkler System Backflow Valve Repair and Maintenance. April 21, 2020. Check Key tools make it easy and safe to service …18 Jan 2023 ... Backflow preventers usually consist of a series of ball joints and valves that allow water to flow in one direction only. When you stop needing ... learn sql freed2 checkpoints A backflow preventer is a device that is installed in a plumbing system to prevent contaminated water from flowing back into the main water …Learn about the four common types of backflow preventers for irrigation systems: pressure vacuum breaker, double check valve, reduced pressure zone, and atmospheric vacuum breaker. Each …How to blow out (winterize) your sprinkler system - YouTube Backflow is the likely culprit. The Conbraco 4A-500 Freeze Resistant PVB Backflow Preventer is just one example of a backflow prevention device. What is Backflow? Backflow occurs when water in an irrigation system, instead of flowing out, flows upstream. And it carries with it contamination from whatever was around the output source. The first GM PassLock antitheft system was introduced in the mid-1990s. It prevents the car from starting with the wrong ignition key. Problems do occur with the PassLock system wh...DCVs are specifically designed to prevent backflow in fire sprinkler systems. The mainstay for normal fire protection applications, DCVs feature an inlet (upstream) shutoff valve, two …A Backflow prevention device is an essential component of your Irrigation supply system. ... Replacement of backflow preventers; Emergency ... At Texas Lawn ...When the water pressure drops, backflow preventer valves prevent unsafe water from getting into your potable water. irrigation expert repairs sprinkler system ...This type of Sprinkler system backflow preventer uses air to activate the device. It acts as a check valve but is designed to open when running an appliance that draws water through the pipe. Double Check Valve. This type of Sprinkler system backflow preventer uses both an air gap and pressure-activated mechanism. It …Installed on Garden Hose or Appliance: $3-$100. Installed With Sprinkler, Irrigation or Sewer System: $100-$600+. Commercial or Multi-Family Backflow Preventer: $1,000-$10,000+. A backflow preventer stops water from flowing back up a hose or pipe, preventing dirty or polluted water from tainting public drinking water supplies.Sprinkler System Winterization. Valves. Shop All Valves; Check Valves. Inline Valves. Gate Valves. Pressure Reducing Valves. Valve Actuators. Electric to Hydraulic Converters ... Conbraco 4A-500 Freeze Resistant PVB Backflow Preventer 3/4 in. FPT | CDC4A-504-A2F. Secure transaction : SKU. CDC4A-504-A2F. Free Shipping on Orders over $149. …no circumstance would a mechanical backflow preventer be used to protect against a lethal hazard. Application Types The application types and industry, such as fire protection, irrigation, waterworks, and plumbing, adhere to their own particular requirements. Fire sprinkler systems may require detector assemblies, and … how to run python script A backflow preventer is of utmost importance for commercial fire protection systems. It plays a critical role in ensuring your system’s reliability and effectiveness in an emergency: Contamination prevention: Backflow preventers safeguard potable water supplies from potential contamination. Without a backflow preventer in …On a sprinkler system, the tamper switch detects when a sprinkler valve has been partially or fully closed. The tamper switch also sends a signal to the central control. Some fire ...Backflow preventer installation cost ranges from $200 to $900 for a standard residential water or sprinkler backflow valve. Prices also depend on the size and material of the installed valve. To get a more accurate cost for your backflow installation project, request a quote . By HomeBlue Team. February 02, 2023 05:40 PM. how long does it take to go mars As the temperatures drop and winter approaches, it’s important to take the necessary steps to protect your sprinkler system from potential damage. One of the main reasons to winter...#341 — Tools for Sprinkler System Backflow Valve Repair and Maintenance. April 21, 2020. Check Key tools make it easy and safe to service …Learn about the different types of backflow preventers for sprinkler systems and how to choose the right one for your needs. Shop online for high-quality backflow …Monitoring the health of one's heart and cardiovascular system is one of the most important preventative steps an individual can take to ensure their long-term health. Monitoring t... restaurants with event roomsastute graphics #341 — Tools for Sprinkler System Backflow Valve Repair and Maintenance. April 21, 2020. Check Key tools make it easy and safe to service …Backflow is the likely culprit. The Conbraco 4A-500 Freeze Resistant PVB Backflow Preventer is just one example of a backflow prevention device. What is Backflow? Backflow occurs when water in an irrigation system, instead of flowing out, flows upstream. And it carries with it contamination from whatever was around the …Backflow Preventer Gushing Water. If water is gushing out of your backflow preventer, something is likely wrong. There might be a problem with the backflow prevention assembly. Start by turning off the water flow at the water central if possible. This may not be possible if you installed the backflow valve on a sprinkler system or city drain lines. get what you get tattoo near me What Is a Sprinkler System Backflow Preventer? Before discussing what are the benefits of a sprinkler system backflow preventer, it’s helpful to …Why background checks alone are not enough. The National Rifle Association says the US needs to fix its flawed background check system to prevent deadly shootings as the one in Par...DCVs are specifically designed to prevent backflow in fire sprinkler systems. The mainstay for normal fire protection applications, DCVs feature an inlet (upstream) shutoff valve, two … A backflow preventer is a device that prevents contaminants from entering a potable water source during a backflow event. In most homes the landscape irrigation system and the potable water system are one and the same — there is no separation. The valve opens releasing the flow of water into a zone. Water flows through the pipes to the sprinkler head. The water pressure activates the sprinkler heads in the zone, and they begin watering. When the end of the runtime is reached, the timer sends a signal to tell the valve to close. Once the water stops entering the pipe in the zones ... Sep 30, 2021 · A video of water flowing in the kitchen sink to stop the spewing water. (Also, full size images.) Your backflow preventer is a Reduced Pressure Principle (RPP) (sometimes called RPZ for Reduced Pressure Zone) unit, and these are required to be tested by a plumber or other qualified serviceperson on a periodic basis -- have you tried contacting ... 2 Minute Garden Tips. 42.7K subscribers. Subscribed. 138. 13K views 1 year ago WILMINGTON. In today's 2 minute garden tip, I share how to remove …Mar 12, 2024 · The installation procedure for a backflow preventer includes the following steps: Step 1. Shut off the main water supply and open any outdoor taps near the backflow preventer, allowing all the water in the system to drain. Step 2. Disconnect any pipes connected to the existing sprinkler system. Step 3. Sprinkler System Winterization. Valves. Shop All Valves; Check Valves. Inline Valves. Gate Valves. Pressure Reducing Valves. Valve Actuators. Electric to Hydraulic Converters. ... Conbraco 4A-200 RPZ Backflow Preventer with Union End Ball Valve 1-1/2 in. | CDC4A-207-A2F . On-Sale $603.62 List Price $1,025.95. SKU: CDC4A-207-A2F. Add to Cart ...How to replace a lawn sprinkler backflow preventer. 119,853 views. Video covers steps for how to remove an existing below ground backflow …Pye-Barker Fire & Safety provides the inspection and repair of backflow preventers, which prevent sprinkler system water from reversing flow and contaminating ... mazda 3 mpg 18 Jan 2023 ... Backflow preventers usually consist of a series of ball joints and valves that allow water to flow in one direction only. When you stop needing ...Febco 765 PVB Backflow Preventer 2 in. FPT | FE765-200 | Sprinkler system parts and supplies. Shop online today or pick up in store. hours left for same day shipping ... Febco 765 PVB Backflow Preventer 2 in. FPT | FE765-200. Secure transaction : SKU. FE765-200. Free Shipping on Orders over $149. Sales Price … Protecting & Insulating Backflow Preventers. So why insulate? The backflow preventer will fail if the components on the assembly freeze. Backflow is the unwanted water flow into piping systems and is opposite to its normal or intended direction. A drop in water pressure which creates negative pressure in the water supply system causes back-flow. how to smell good all day Bel Aire – A vacuum breaker is required on all in-ground sprinkler systems. Backflow preventer must be tested by a City of Bel Aire licensed technician before April 1st every two years (even years) if the system is connected to the public water supply. System should be rebuilt/replaced every five year if needed.Backflow prevention devices must be installed on all sprinkler systems (including sprinklers attached to hoses) using potable (fit for drinking) water. Backflow …One of the very few things that can remind a new Ubuntu Linux user of the long-ago days of ancient Windows is when the system asks for the installation CD or DVD to install a progr... no show panties 7.6.2.4. backflow from Fire Protection Systems. (1) A backflow pre vent er shall not be required in a residential full flow through fire sprinkler system, in which the pipe and fittings are constructed of potable water system materials. (2) Except as required in Sentence (4), potable water system connections to fire sprinkler and stand pipe ...Built-In Backflow Protection. Anti-siphon is a type of backflow preventer and is an essential part of any commercial plumbing installation which is connected in any way to a potable water source. They are required by building codes everywhere. Shop Sprinkler Warehouse Anti-Siphon Valves: Irritrol Anti-Siphon Valves; Rain Bird Anti-Siphon ValvesOct 2, 2020 · To avoid this, follow the steps below to prepare your system for the cold: Turn off and drain water supply to the system. Drain water from the backflow preventer. Drain water from sprinkler pipes. Blow compressed air into the system to further clear the water. Insulate exposed pipes and properly set the valves. To avoid this, follow the steps below to prepare your system for the cold: Turn off and drain water supply to the system. Drain water from the backflow preventer. Drain water from sprinkler pipes. Blow compressed air into the system to further clear the water. Insulate exposed pipes and properly set the valves.Industrial Style Plug to Female SAE 45-degree Flare Fittings | Adapters to Winterize Blow out Backflow Preventer and Pressure Vacuum Breaker (PVB) for Sprinkler Systems (Solid Lead-Free Brass) ... Amazon's Choice . in Pipe Fittings . 2 offers from $8.99. Winterize Sprinkler System Blow Out Adapter: Air Compressor to National Pipe Threads …Sprinkler systems can cause water pressure fluctuations in the pipes behind your walls or ceiling. To prevent water contamination and health issues such as nausea, we have compiled a list of 3 types of backflow preventer valves and signs of problems. Do not assume that the water from your sink is safe to consume or use.The backflow preventer is a costly part of your sprinkler system, and despite its tough-looking construction, it can be surprisingly fragile under freezing temperatures. If you live in a part of the country where freezing temperatures are common, you should take the time to prepare & protect your backflow preventer (and other …Veins have valves to prevent blood from flowing backwards and pooling, whereas arteries pump blood at higher pressures, which naturally prevents backflow. The valves in veins allow... A Safe Sprinkler System In Cold Weather. This article explains how to winterize your system. Winterization is an important part of maintaining a properly running lawn sprinkler system. Following these steps can help you protect your backflow preventer device from freeze damage. Where you live plays a big part in which steps you will need to follow. How to winterize the Backflow Preventer and Ball Valves in your sprinkler system. I included bonus preventative steps to ensure your backflow preventer won'... How To Winterize A Sprinkler System With a Backflow Preventer. January 18, 2023. The first freeze of the fall and winter is a sneaky nuisance for …Sep 21, 2023 · Think of the backflow preventer as a one-way valve that keeps the water flowing in the right direction. It’s typically located near the main water supply line that feeds your sprinkler system. You’ll need to locate it so you can perform regular maintenance and testing to ensure that it’s working correctly. De-ice the system. By removing the frozen element, we can better assess the damage of your backflow. Repair the affected area. Sometimes, you simply need a de-icing treatment. Other times, specific parts of the system need replacement. Our team will determine the best course of action for your property. What Is a Sprinkler System Backflow Preventer? Before discussing what are the benefits of a sprinkler system backflow preventer, it’s helpful to know what a backflow is. The water inside the supply system usually flows in one direction. But when the water travels the opposite way back through your …Water pressure is very important in fire sprinkler systems. The pressure must be constant and it must be reliable, in the case of a fire. ... Very large buildings usually have a backflow preventer that is 8 inch or larger in diameter, and often they need several backflow preventers in the same building. Likewise, in very flat areas, like the ...Repair parts from Sprinkler Warehouse once properly installed will get keep your backflow preventer in working order, and protect your drinking water from potentially toxic pollutants being siphoned into your water supply. Reduced Pressure Zone Assembly (RPZ) Parts. Pressure Vacuum Breaker (PVB) Parts. Ball Valve Replacements. Backflow Test Cocks. air conditioner motortrack your order t mobile Repair parts from Sprinkler Warehouse once properly installed will get keep your backflow preventer in working order, and protect your drinking water from potentially toxic pollutants being siphoned into your water supply. Reduced Pressure Zone Assembly (RPZ) Parts. Pressure Vacuum Breaker (PVB) Parts. Ball Valve Replacements. Backflow Test Cocks. act tips 3. The Backflow Prevention Valves Do Their Work. When a vacuum in the high-pressure system occurs, the backflow valves stop water from being pulled backward where it shouldn’t be. Assemblies can range from basic air gaps (the kind that keep water from backflowing into the sink) to complex reduced pressure zone devices (RPZDs) with …Monitoring the health of one's heart and cardiovascular system is one of the most important preventative steps an individual can take to ensure their long-term health. Monitoring t...Atmospheric Vacuum Breaker. One type of backflow preventer is an atmospheric vacuum breaker (AVB). This device has a kink in it similar to the shape of an elbow, and there’s a valve inside that stops the water from flowing backward. This simple design makes AVBs easy to install, repair, and maintain.100-ASVF Flow: 0.2 to 40 GPM (0,05 to 9,085 m³/h; 0,01 to 2,52 l/s). For flows below 3 GPM (0,68 m³h; 0,19 l/s) or any Landscape Drip products application, use a 200 mesh filter installed upstream. Water temperature: Up to 110°F (43°C) Ambient air temperature: Up to 125°F (52°C) Solenoid coil resistance: 38 Ohms.Wilkins 720A 1.5 inch PVB Backflow Preventer. Designed for installation on potable water lines to protect against backsiphonage of contaminated water into the potable water supply. Assembly shall provide protection where a potential health hazard exists. Features / Benefits. Brass PVB Pressure Vacuum Breaker assembly.Accounting controls are procedures within an accounting system that act to prevent and detect misstatements. Accounting | What is Download our FREE Guide Your Privacy is important ...New research reveals new ways that our prison system has failed. This item has been corrected. Last week, president Obama vowed to end mass incarceration, the imprisonment of 2.2 m...A backflow prevention system… prevents backflow Backflow prevention systems are devices installed onto a pipe that only allow water to flow in one direction . Think of it as a one-way gate that allows water from the city’s public water supply to flow into your home’s piping but stops water if and when it ever tries to flow backwards into ... The Febco 825Y RPZ Backflow Preventer features a modular relief valve and replaceable seat rings of all sizes for easy routine maintenance. The "Y" shaped check valves are spring-loaded and the RPZ has internal relief valve pressure sensing passages. The end connections are NPT ANSI/ASME B1.20.1. Line up the pressure vacuum breaker assembly, centering the outlet at the height of the second mark and the inlet is downward. Place a third mark on the riser at the bottom of the pressure vacuum breaker assembly inlet valve. Cut the riser on the third mark. Open the isolation valve to flush out any foreign material in the supply …In Austin, you must have a backflow prevention assembly if your irrigation system is connected to a public or private drinking water supply, and it must be tested upon installation and then annually by a licensed tester (30 Texas Administrative Code 290.44 (h)(4)).The Febco 825Y RPZ Backflow Preventer features a modular relief valve and replaceable seat rings of all sizes for easy routine maintenance. The "Y" shaped check valves are spring-loaded and the RPZ has internal relief valve pressure sensing passages. The end connections are NPT ANSI/ASME B1.20.1.Why background checks alone are not enough. The National Rifle Association says the US needs to fix its flawed background check system to prevent deadly shootings as the one in Par... walk in shower for small bathroomswedding venues miami A sprinkler backflow preventer is an essential piece of equipment for your home’s irrigation system. It prevents backflow from your system, which can lead to serious health problems. ... If you choose to use a hose without activating the backflow preventer system, there is a chance that water may escape due to …A sprinkler backflow preventer is an essential piece of equipment for your home’s irrigation system. It prevents backflow from your system, which can lead to serious health problems. ... If you choose to use a hose without activating the backflow preventer system, there is a chance that water may escape due to …Shut off water to the irrigation system and drain or prepare to blow out the system. With the air compressor attached to a proper point of connection, use the controller or a remote to cycle through all the valves to evacuate water. Drain the backflow preventer and leave ball valves at a quarter turn. Partially open any isolation gate valves.34-950XLT 3/4'' Backflow Preventer - Top Access Double Check Valve Assembly. Features / Benefits. 3/4'' FPT x FPT Connection. Maximum Working Pressure: 175 psi. Temperature Range: 33°F - 180°F. Top access double-checks for hassle-free maintenance and repairs. Seats and silicone seal rings are fully replaceable for reduced maintenance costs.Your irrigation system is key to maintaining a healthy landscape all year. When it comes to any irrigation system, backflow is a bad term. It's something that should not be taken lightly. Irrigation backflow can contaminate clean water in the mainline of your home, leading to diseases and irrigation problems. Backflow …The normal backflow requirement for an automatic fire sprinkler system is a double check valve assembly. When chemical additives are a part of the sprinkler system, such as anti-freeze, the backflow protection is typically by a …Sprinkler System Winterization. Valves. Shop All Valves; Check Valves. Inline Valves. Gate Valves. Pressure Reducing Valves. Valve Actuators. Electric to Hydraulic Converters. ... Blue Heron Backflow Preventer Test Cock Winterization Blowout Fitting 1/4 in. FPT | TC-100 . On-Sale $5.51 List Price $12.95. SKU: TC … music instrument museum How To Winterize A Sprinkler System With a Backflow Preventer. January 18, 2023. The first freeze of the fall and winter is a sneaky nuisance for …Learn about the different types of backflow preventers for sprinkler systems and how to choose the right one for your needs. Shop online for high-quality backflow … Outdoor Backflow Preventer Insulation Cover Pipe Insulation Backflow Covers for Pipe Freeze Protection Sprinkler Valve System Cover Preventer Cover Insulated Pouch (30"W x 26"H,White) 109. $1469. FREE delivery Sat, Feb 17 on $35 of items shipped by Amazon. Or fastest delivery Fri, Feb 16. Only 5 left in stock - order soon. Are you tired of lugging your garden hose or sprinkler around to make sure all parts of your landscape are well watered? Sprinkler system installation is a big DIY project. If you ... native accesschina travel New research reveals new ways that our prison system has failed. This item has been corrected. Last week, president Obama vowed to end mass incarceration, the imprisonment of 2.2 m...First things first, turn off the water supply at the water meter before cutting your home’s water supply line. The irrigation system will tee off of the main water supply line into a one-inch pipe that will run to the backflow prevention device [and from there to the front and back yard]. Next, cut the supply pipe, add primer, and submit to ... my fathers eyes my mothers rage 1. Backflow Preventer. Sprinkler system backflow preventer is a term used to describe a device that, upon detecting the presence of a contaminant, prevents it from flowing in the opposite direction (backward) through your sprinkler system. Sprinkler system backflow Prevention ensures that water flows only in one direction in a piping system. No known way to prevent a tsunami from occurring exists. Individuals can take steps to be prepared for a tsunami, and warning systems can help get people out of harm’s way if an im...As for the rest of the system, all the pipes are deep enough to not freeze. The main line will be the only pipe with a substantial amount of water in it as the laterals drain out most of the water after the zone valve shuts. The main line is deep enough where it will not have issues. Sprinkler heads also should not be an issue.A backflow preventer helps maintain your fire suppression system’s integrity, preventing cross-connections or backflow scenarios that might hinder the … piano sheet music with letters easyghost tours in new orleans Turning off the water on your sprinkler system - How to keep your irrigation or sprinkler system from freezing during cold winter months. Information to help...I show you in this video a hose bib Backflow preventer and how it works. It is often called a vacuum breaker or anti siphon device. It is designed to keep co...What Does A Backflow Preventer Do? Choosing a proper backflow device is critical. A backflow preventer is a device that prevents contaminants from …Save money and your sprinkler system by minimizing sprinkler repair caused by frozen lines by prepping the system ahead of time. Unless you live in a warm climate, you won’t need i... FEBCO® Series 765 Pressure Vacuum Breakers are designed to be installed to provide protection against back siphonage of toxic or non-toxic liquids. They feature a durable bronze body and a check valve and air opening port in one assembly. All Bronze body for durability. One check valve and an air opening port in one assembly. New research reveals new ways that our prison system has failed. This item has been corrected. Last week, president Obama vowed to end mass incarceration, the imprisonment of 2.2 m...Sprinkler System Winterization. Valves. Shop All Valves; Check Valves. Inline Valves. Gate Valves. Pressure Reducing Valves. Valve Actuators. Electric to Hydraulic Converters. ... Blue Heron Backflow Preventer Test Cock Winterization Blowout Fitting 1/4 in. FPT | TC-100 . On-Sale $5.51 List Price $12.95. SKU: TC …1-1/2 in. x 36 in. Vacuum Breaker/Backflow Preventer with Flush Tube in Polished Chrome. Add to Cart. Compare. See Low Price in Cart (1) Wilkins. 1 in. 950XL3 Double Check Backflow Preventer. Add to Cart. Compare $ 55. 20 (6) Cash Acme. 1 in. FIP BF-1 Series Dual Check Backflow Preventer. Add to Cart.Febco is one of the leading manufacturers of reduced pressure zone backflow preventers. Typically, a reduced pressure zone assembly enclosure can be either a job-built concrete vault or two twelve-inch deep valve boxes stacked vertically with bottoms together. If you use two valve boxes, you’ll discard the lid of the bottom box.Backflow Preventer Valve Issue. One of the leading reasons for low sprinkler water pressure relates to the valves on your backflow preventer device. If you notice limited water pressure in your sprinkler system but normal water pressure inside your home, then the problem might be that your backflow preventer valves are not …See list of participating sites @NCIPrevention @NCISymptomMgmt @NCICastle The National Cancer Institute NCI Division of Cancer Prevention DCP Home Contact DCP Policies Disclaimer P...If your lawn sprinkler system has a leak, turning the controller off won’t stop the water. You’ll have to pull the lever at either the backflow device or the main water shut-off. Turn Off Your Sprinklers at the Backflow Device. Your backflow device is usually located outside or in your basement.Veins have valves to prevent blood from flowing backwards and pooling, whereas arteries pump blood at higher pressures, which naturally prevents backflow. The valves in veins allow...The average cost of backflow testing is $200, and backflow testing prices include labor. Homeowners may have to spend $50 on a permit depending on local and state rules. It costs an average of $250 to install a new backflow preventer if the testing indicates that it is defective, and repairs cost $100. Before we can dive into the specifics ...34-950XLT 3/4'' Backflow Preventer - Top Access Double Check Valve Assembly. Features / Benefits. 3/4'' FPT x FPT Connection. Maximum Working Pressure: 175 psi. Temperature Range: 33°F - 180°F. Top access double-checks for hassle-free maintenance and repairs. Seats and silicone seal rings are fully replaceable for reduced maintenance costs.Backflow preventers are mechanical devices that protect against backflow, which is when contaminated water flows back into a drinkable water supply. Backflow occurs due to a sudden change in pressure or a break in the water main. Put simply, a backflow preventer ensures water inside fire sprinklers, … arborday.org tree surveyrocket yoga A Safe Sprinkler System In Cold Weather. This article explains how to winterize your system. Winterization is an important part of maintaining a properly running lawn sprinkler system. Following these steps can help you protect your backflow preventer device from freeze damage. Where you live plays a big part in which steps you will need to follow. How to properly and quickly winterize your sprinkler system by blowing it out using your existing backflow preventer. This is a step-by-step … c and t wok If your lawn sprinkler system has a leak, turning the controller off won’t stop the water. You’ll have to pull the lever at either the backflow device or the main water shut-off. Turn Off Your Sprinklers at the Backflow Device. Your backflow device is usually located outside or in your basement.Sprinkler System Winterization. Valves. Shop All Valves; Check Valves. Inline Valves. Gate Valves. Pressure Reducing Valves. Valve Actuators. Electric to Hydraulic Converters. ... Febco 765 PVB Backflow Preventer 1 in. FPT | FE765-100 . On-Sale $108.04 List Price $267.95. SKU: FE765-100. Add to Cart. Febco Irrigation Related Searches ...SKU: EKONO303013. Add to Cart. Gorilla Cage GC Green Standard Medium Theft Prevention Backflow Cage | GC-2-GREEN. On-Sale $585.85 List Price $756.99. SKU: GC-2-GREEN. Add to Cart. Gorilla Cage GC Green Standard X-Large Theft Prevention Backflow Cage | GC-4-GREEN. On-Sale $670.70 List Price $890.90. SKU: GC-4-GREEN.A backflow device is an essential component of an irrigation system that prevents the contamination of the main water supply. Learn more about what …A backflow preventer is often an essential component of residential homes and commercial properties with sprinkler systems. It serves to prevent ...Repair Parts For A Febco 765 1 or 1 1/4 in. Backflow Preventer Including The Bonnet And Poppet Everything Needed To Repair a Febco 765 At Sprinkler Warehouse. The FE905-212 Febco Repair Kit includes a rubber O-ring, spring, E-ring, washer, stem, bonnet, and poppet. All parts are genuine and original to the valve.A properly installed backflow prevention device, often called a backflow preventer, could have prevented this from happening. ... from your main supply line to your irrigation system drip lines and sprinkler heads. When a drop in water pressure creates a reverse (sucking) pressure, the backflow prevention device valve …To avoid this, follow the steps below to prepare your system for the cold: Turn off and drain water supply to the system. Drain water from the backflow preventer. Drain water from sprinkler pipes. Blow compressed air into the system to further clear the water. Insulate exposed pipes and properly set the valves. Backflow Preventers. Reliable offers compact, lightweight backflow preventers from some of the top manufacturers in the industry. Backflow preventers are used to protect potable water supplies from potentially contaminated water. Installing A Backflow Device Prevents Water Contamination A Backflow Preventer Case Study For a neighborhood in Cedar Hills,... Understanding The Importance Of A Backflow Prevention Device Backflow Preventer Keeps Water Contamination Out Most people know they need a backflow for their irrigation system. A Safe Sprinkler System In Cold Weather. This article explains how to winterize your system. Winterization is an important part of maintaining a properly running lawn sprinkler system. Following these steps can help you protect your backflow preventer device from freeze damage. Where you live plays a big part in which steps you will need to follow. Febco 860-075 3/4 in. RPZ Backflow Preventer. The FEBCO Series 860 Reduced Pressure Zone Assemblies are for use in health-hazard applications. The series 860 are designed to protect drinking water supplies from dangerous cross-connections in accordance with national plumbing codes and water authority requirements for non-potable service ... How to winterize the Backflow Preventer and Ball Valves in your sprinkler system. I included bonus preventative steps to ensure your backflow preventer won'... Save money and your sprinkler system by minimizing sprinkler repair caused by frozen lines by prepping the system ahead of time. Unless you live in a warm climate, you won’t need i...Repair parts from Sprinkler Warehouse once properly installed will get keep your backflow preventer in working order, and protect your drinking water from potentially toxic pollutants being siphoned into your water supply. Reduced Pressure Zone Assembly (RPZ) Parts. Pressure Vacuum Breaker (PVB) Parts. Ball Valve Replacements. Backflow Test Cocks. .mil emailpopular sans serif fonts What Does A Backflow Preventer Do? Choosing a proper backflow device is critical. A backflow preventer is a device that prevents contaminants from …Backflow Prevention. Backflow Prevention is the installation of a Backflow Preventer, which is a device designed to keep the water inside the fire-protection system on a property and preventing it from backflowing into the municipal system. Thus the water can only flow in one direction — into the building’s fire-protection system.When the water pressure drops, backflow preventer valves prevent unsafe water from getting into your potable water. irrigation expert repairs sprinkler system ... These devices create a one-way gate to stop backflow. This one-way flow of water is is important to ensure that the city water supply does not get contaminated in the event of plumbing issues at a home or business. Backflow preventers are required by most cities if you have a sprinkler system or well. We provide: Backflow testing and certification 30 May 2022 ... A backflow preventer might be one of the most important parts of a Fire Sprinkler System that you have never heard of. A backflow preventer ...This 1 IN lead free dual check valve backflow preventer helps prevent the reverse flow of polluted water from residential fire sprinkler systems from entering ... resume reviewer Febco RPZ Complete Rubber Kit 1 in. | FE905-356. Sales Price $46.79 Our Price $73.95. Shop for a Febco FE850 DCA Backflow Preventer 1 in. at Sprinkler Warehouse. Browse double-check assembly backflow sprinkler parts online or …Sep 18, 2023 · Installing a backflow preventer can be a bit tricky, but with some preparation and know-how, it’s a fairly easy process. Start by turning off your water main and draining your sprinkler system. Then, choose a suitable location for your backflow preventer and install it according to the manufacturer’s instructions. How to properly and quickly winterize your sprinkler system by blowing it out using your existing backflow preventer. This is a step-by-step … snack foodhow to remove bushes ---2