Cesd

Cesd

Cesd. Introduction. Depression is a common but serious mental illness typically characterized by sad, hopeless, or anxious feelings. The age of onset for depression has been falling, making university students particularly vulnerable to developing depression ().In addition, university can be a challenging time for students, as students struggle with … Please call 1-800-273-TALK or If you are in a medical emergency or suicidal crisis, please call 911. For this three-profile model, the entropy value (0.920) and the average latent profile probabilities for the most likely latent profile membership (0.968, 0.928, and 0.998, respectively) both demonstrated good distinction ().Profile 1, comprising 63.1% of the sample (n = 10728), was characterised by the lowest level of depressive symptoms (4.69 ± 3.17) …The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CESD) was widely used for screening of depressive symptoms. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the factor structure and measurement invariance of the CESD across genders and groups in a sample of Chinese undergraduates and clinical …The 10-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10) is a depression screening tool that has been used in the South African National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS), a national household panel study. This screening tool has not yet been validated in South Africa. This study aimed to establish the reliability and validity of …The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD) was created in 1977 by Laurie Radloff, 1 and revised in 2004 by William Eaton and others. 2 The CESD has been the workhorse of depression epidemiology since its first use in the Community Mental Health Assessment Surveys in the 1970's, 3,4 and use in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. 5 …CESD Press Baku, October 2018 Center for Economic and Social Development (CESD) Jafar Jabbarli 44, Baku, Az 1065, Azerbaijan Phone: (99412) 597-06-91 Email: [email protected] URL: www.cesd.az. 1 Abbreviations AGT Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Turkey BTC Baku-Tbilisi-CeyhanThe Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD) by Radloff, 1977 (Applied Psychological Measurement 1977;1:385-340) was revised in 2004 by Eaton, Muntaner, Smith, Tien & Ybarra in ...General Overview. Originally published in 1977 after several years of validation on community and inpatient samples, the 20-item CES-D is one of the five most widely used measures of depression, used in 4.37 % of basic science studies and 1.36 % of treatment outcome studies when a measure of depression was used (Santor, Gregus, & Welch, …The OAG’s work on environmental and sustainable development matters increased after the position of Commissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development (CESD) was created in 1995. As part of the CESD’s broad mandate, the CESD audits and reports on the federal government’s management of environmental and sustainable development issues. Thank you for submitting interest in our talent! We will reach out shortly with any follow up questions to create a portfolio for your needs. CESD-R is a screening test for depression and depressive disorder based on DSM-V criteria. It measures symptoms of a major depressive episode and provides a score and feedback. CESD Mental Health Support. For information on accessing mental health services for your child at school and/or community, please contact the School Principal or the Community and Student Engagement (CASE) Department at 714-228-3141 or [email protected]. Job Fair Wednesday, March 20th! CESD Talent Agency is the dominant force in commercial and theatrical talent representation for celebrities, actors, young performers, models and voice-over artists. Based in the media capitals of ... CESD-R is a self-report scale that measures symptoms of depression in the general population. It is based on the original CESD scale, revised in 2004 by William Eaton and …Background: The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D; Radloff, 1977) is a commonly used freely available self-report measure of depressive symptoms. Despite its popularity, several recent investigations have called into question the robustness and suitability of the commonly used 4-factor 20-item CES-D model.Apr 11, 2016 · Depressive symptomatology was assessed using the full, self-reported 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CESD-20) as well as the shortened 10-item CES-D (CESD-10) (see Appendix 1). 12,21 Total scores range from 0 to 60 for the CESD-20 scale and from 0 to 30 for the CESD-10, with higher scores indicating greater depressive ... The purpose of this investigation was to utilize the CESD data from the Stroke Recovery in Underserved Populations database to evaluate the psychometrics of a 10-item shortened version of the CESD with stroke survivors. No study to date has examined the validity, reliability and item-level psychometrics of the CESD-10 in individuals post stroke. At CESD we try to achieve our mission through teaching and research in different disciplines, imparting knowledge and skills to better understand the challenges and the environment we live in, thus promoting both rigorous and relevant research. This will help in meeting the challenges and working towards bringing peace, improving health ...Se connecter. Identifiant. Mémoriser. (C'est sécuritaire?) Mot de passe. Attention : Respecter majuscules et minuscules.The CESD is a self-report rating scale that measures current symptoms of depression based on twenty items rated on a four-poing likert scale. It has a total score from zero to sixty, …In each region CESD will interview and select approximately 30 community members and local government officials from different villages to participate in a 2-day workshop on health care spending process. Workshop participants will be informed about health care budget for their region and each individual community.We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD) was created in 1977 by Laurie Radloff, 1 and revised in 2004 by William Eaton and others. 2 The CESD has been the workhorse of depression epidemiology since its first use in the Community Mental Health Assessment Surveys in the 1970’s, 3,4 and use in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. 5 It has survived ... Publications. Reports to Parliament. 2022 Reports 1 to 5 of the Commissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development.CESD-R is a free online tool to measure symptoms of depression in nine groups based on the DSM-5 criteria. Learn how to calculate the depression scores and categories, and the …The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D: Radloff, 1977) 20-item index is one of the most common self-report depression instruments designed for use in large scale surveys and has become one of several standard measures of depressive symptomatology in older persons. Despite the importance of providing geriatric mental health ...This study examines the psychometric qualities of 8-item CESD (CESD-8) and 9-item CESD (CESD-9), and explores possible racial/ethnic differences in overall depressive symptoms. Using data from the 2010 Health and Retirement Study, 19,592 community-dwelling adults (40+) who self-identify as …CESD (Council for Employability and Skill Development) i.e रोजगार एवम कौशल विकास परिषद् is an independent, multi disciplinary premier organization working for innovative india based workforce …Lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) deficiency, like other diseases caused by enzyme deficiencies, has a wide phenotypic spectrum. Infantile-onset LAL deficiency is known as Wolman disease. All later-onset LAL deficiency, which may present from early childhood to late adulthood (often with subclinical disease), is known as cholesterol ester storage ... Se connecter. Identifiant. Mémoriser. (C'est sécuritaire?) Mot de passe. Attention : Respecter majuscules et minuscules. stripped las vegasimuv The CESD is a 20-item scale that asks caregivers to rate how often they experienced symptoms of depression over the past week, such as restless sleep, poor appetite, and loneliness. It has been used to screen for and …Moodle. myBlueprint. Out of Area Request. PowerSchool. QuickPay - Online Fee Payment. Safety Response Summary. Technology Use Agreement. Weekdays 'til 6. 2022-2023 Exam Calendar.General Overview. Originally published in 1977 after several years of validation on community and inpatient samples, the 20-item CES-D is one of the five most widely used measures of depression, used in 4.37 % of basic science studies and 1.36 % of treatment outcome studies when a measure of depression was used (Santor, Gregus, & Welch, …At CESD we try to achieve our mission through teaching and research in different disciplines, imparting knowledge and skills to better understand the challenges and the environment we live in, thus promoting both rigorous and relevant research. This will help in meeting the challenges and working towards bringing peace, improving health ...Background: Two core but untested predictions of Positive Clinical Psychology (PCP) are that (1) Many psychiatric problems can be understood as one end of bipolar continua with well-being, and (2) that reducing psychiatric symptoms will provide an equal (near linear) decrease in risk for several other psychiatric variables, irrespective of position on continua.1. Introduction1.1. Age differences in depression: a methodological note to an unresolved debate. Depression is the most common mental disorder (World Health Organization, 2000), with a high prevalence in almost every society (Baumeister and Harter, 2007, Van de Velde et al., 2010b, Wittchen and Jacobi, 2005).It has been identified as …The CESD instrument has several strengths to it, first it is a systematic tool for screening of depression symptoms as it is comprised of six scales representing various key major domains of depression such as depressed mood, feelings of guilt and worthlessness, feelings of helplessness and hopelessness, psychomotor retardation, loss of appetite and …The 2-week test-retest reliability ICC was 0.926 (95% CI 0.851, 0.961) for the total score reliability. The reliability analysis of the Malay version of CESD shows satisfactory α, ω, r SB and ICC values, therefore making it a reliable instrument to screen for depression among adolescents in Malaysia.Competitive Edge Strategic Development Services (CESD Services) Inc. was established in 2013. At the time, CESD Services focused on Supplier Development for companies seeking to become or maintain their presence in the aerospace, aviation maintenance-repair-overhaul, and defence manufacturing industries. crossfit femalerussian nails nyc The 10-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10) is a depression screening tool that has been used in the South African National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS), a national household panel study. This screening tool has not yet ...Jan 1, 2018 · A1328 Effect of salt intervention on serum levels of FGF23 in Chinese adults: an intervention study. Jiawen Hu. Jianjun Mu. PDF | On Jan 1, 2018, 峻良 刘 published The Model Fit of CES-D in ... Jul 27, 2023 · (CESD stands for Cunningham-Escott-Slevin-Doherty.) The youngest of six children, William David Cunningham was born in San Francisco on Jan. 2, 1927. He enlisted in the U.S. Navy, served aboard a ... See full list on counsellingresource.com hydrapak CESD-R is a free online tool to measure symptoms of depression in nine groups based on the DSM-5 criteria. Learn how to calculate the depression scores and categories, and the logic behind the algorithm used to determine the depressive symptom categories. southside on lamarxxl lutzjen wagner The strongest correlations were with outcomes representing mental health (r=-0.71), vitality (r=-0.60) and the VAS-F (r=0.57). The weakest correlation was with the physical function score of the SF-36 (r=-0.37). The CESD-20 and CESD-10 are quick and easy to use. This study provides evidence in support of the reliability and …CESD-R is a self-report scale that measures symptoms of depression in the general population. It is based on the original CESD scale, revised in 2004 by William Eaton and …Cholesteryl ester storage disease (CESD) is a type of lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) deficiency; a rare genetic disorder characterized by a deficiency of the lysosomal acid lipase (LIPA or LAL) enzyme. This enzyme is essential for hydrolysis of triglycerides and cholesteryl esters in lysosomes. Deficiency of the LIPA enzyme causes accumulation of ... seville country club CESD Talent Agency. CESD Talent Agency. 12,937 likes · 3 talking about this · 5 were here. Bi-Coastal Talent Agency (NY & LA) Submission Info:... Analysis of the CESD-R yielded a Cronbach's alpha result of 0.90. Factor analysis revealed one principal factor in the CESD-R, whereas the original CES-D had two factors because of reversed items. The Japanese version of the CESD-R appears to have the reliability to be applicable for assessing depressive … playsports365 CESD as a depression screening tool in the general population with good psychometric properties [7]. CESD has been used to assess depression among adolescents in the United States [8], in Sweden [13], and in Thailand [5]. Carol et al. (1999) also has shown a high sensitivity and specificity of CESD when were Bright Futures: A National Health Promotion Initiative CESD Mental Health Support. For information on accessing mental health services for your child at school and/or community, please contact the School Principal or the Community and Student Engagement (CASE) Department at 714-228-3141 or [email protected]. Job Fair Wednesday, March 20th!With both ends of the rating scale collapsed to create dichotomous items, the optimal thresholds became 4 for CESD-10 and 7 for CESD-20, and the correponding performance indices were 0.67, 0.58, 0.56 and 0.69 for CESD-10, and 0.70, 0.58, 0.57 and 0.70 for …Contact CESD! Our Offices. Los Angeles. 10635 Santa Monica Blvd. #130 Los Angeles, CA 90025 USA Main-Broadcast: 310-475-2111. Print: 310-475-7573. New York. 333 Seventh Avenue, 11th Floor New York, NY 10001 USA Main-Broadcast: 212-477-1666. Contact Form. Full Name * Email * Phone * Contact * Message * …The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD; Radloff, 1977) has been the workhorse of depression epidemiology since its first use in the Community Mental Health Assessment Surveys in the 1970s (Comstock & Helsing, 1976; Radloff & Locke, 1986) and its use in the National Health and Nutrition … miami slsrachel clark Evidence of the relationship between ageing and depression is very mixed. • Longitudinal cross-national research can shed new light. • Full metric and partial scalar equivalence of the CES-D 8 are established. CESD Talent Agency. CESD Talent Agency. 12,937 likes · 3 talking about this · 5 were here. Bi-Coastal Talent Agency (NY & LA) Submission Info:... Background The validity of the 20-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale for depression screening in Hong Kong Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes remains unknown. We aimed to validate CES-D, compare its psychometric properties with the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire … decrease the number of false positives.7,17,18 Validation of the CESD-10 against the 20-item CES-D using a cut-offs of 8, 9, 10 has shown the cut-off of 10 or more, minimises false positives with little loss of sensitivity.10,11 Source Items The CESD-1010 was first included in full version of Survey 2 for all 3 age cohorts of the ALSWH. vermont compost CESD was also the coordinator of the Leading Authority overseeing the Myanmar Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (MEITI). CESD also partners with the Comprehensive Development Education Centre (CDEC) , an organisation providing education and training services for youth and people working in development and several other stakeholders to fulfill …The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale . The CES-D scale was developed to screen for depression by measuring the frequency of events and ideas over the past week ().The CES-D scale is a 20-item instrument with each item rated on a four-point scale ranging from 0 (“rarely or none of the time”) … decrease the number of false positives.7,17,18 Validation of the CESD-10 against the 20-item CES-D using a cut-offs of 8, 9, 10 has shown the cut-off of 10 or more, minimises false positives with little loss of sensitivity.10,11 Source Items The CESD-1010 was first included in full version of Survey 2 for all 3 age cohorts of the ALSWH. caribbean student associationdavin and adley The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-R) is a 20 item self-report questionnaire used to measure symptoms of depression, and is particularly useful for tracking symptoms over time. It taps into nine different symptom groups of Major Depressive Disorder as defined by the American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and ...Unang lesbian ban ni Mizusawa Riko! Nakapagtataka, ang kabilang partido ay si Yumi Kazama, isang beteranang aktres. Si Yumi, na nagpahayag na siya ay magbibigay ng lektura sa mga kasiyahan ng mga kababaihan sa pamamagitan ng pag-alis ng tensyon, sa pamamagitan ng banayad na mga halik at haplos ay ipinadama sa kanya. Excited sa sarap ng …The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale—Revised (CESD-R; Eaton et al., 2004) was developed in the context of reviewing the history of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD; Radloff, 1977) and its uses. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale—Revised assesses individuals for depressive symptoms. The … www.cesdtalent.com CESD (Council for Employability and Skill Development) i.e रोजगार एवम कौशल विकास परिषद् is an independent, multi disciplinary premier organization working for innovative india based workforce … Center for Economic and Social Development (CESD) Assessment of the economic relations between Azerbaijan and the European Union in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war Gender Budgeting in Azerbaijan: Challenges and Perspectives Tourism in the South Caucasus region during the post-pandemic period What are the Drivers of Child Marriage: A ... CESD Mental Health Support For information on accessing mental health services for your child at school and/or community, please contact the School Principal or the Community and Student Engagement (CASE) Department at 714-228-3141 or [email protected] CESD we try to achieve our mission through teaching and research in different disciplines, imparting knowledge and skills to better understand the challenges and the environment we live in, thus promoting both rigorous and relevant research. This will help in meeting the challenges and working towards bringing peace, improving health ...Depressive symptomatology was assessed using the full, self-reported 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CESD-20) as well as the shortened 10-item CES-D (CESD-10) (see Appendix 1). 12,21 Total scores range from 0 to 60 for the CESD-20 scale and from 0 to 30 for the CESD-10, with higher scores indicating greater depressive ...终身学习者. 这个测试摘自《幸福有方法》. CES–D抑郁量化表. 说明:下列问题与你在过去一周里的感受和行为相关。. 请认真阅读量表中数字所代表的含义,然后标出最能说明你过去一周的感受和行为状况的数字。. 0:几乎没有(少于一天). 1:很少有(1-2天 ...2022 Reports 1 to 5 of the Commissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development. 2021 Reports 3 to 7 of the Commissioner of the Environment and … coconut cult yogurt CESD Mental Health Support For information on accessing mental health services for your child at school and/or community, please contact the School Principal or the Community and Student Engagement (CASE) Department at 714-228-3141 or [email protected] Kapicic, the actor known for playing the mutant hero Colossus in the Deadpool films, has signed with CESD Talent Agency. He will be repped by Pedro Tapia … Thank you for submitting interest in our talent! We will reach out shortly with any follow up questions to create a portfolio for your needs. CESD-920 Saudara-mara Lesbian Payudara Besar ~ Tiga Beradik Yang Saling Menyayangi Dalam Hubungan Rapat ~ Yuri Oshikawa Maria Nagai Tidak Sedar Hati Anda. Maria, anak perempuan kedua daripada tiga beradik perempuan itu, terlalu menyayangi adik-adiknya dan berkembang menjadi … instagram user Centre for Economic and Social Development, Yangon. 9,616 likes · 2 talking about this · 500 were here. CESD is an independent and non-political think tank supporting evidence-based policy making in...CES-D(Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale)とは うつ病や抑うつ状態の自己評価尺度の検査 …になります。. 一般の方(特にうつ病と診断されていない方)におけるうつ病の発見を目的としています。. 米国国立精神保健研究所 (NIMH)によって開発され、その ...Thank you for submitting interest in our talent! We will reach out shortly with any follow up questions to create a portfolio for your needs. sketchfab. CESD-style score of at least 16 but do not meet above criteria; No clinical significance: People who have a total CESD-style score less than 16 across all 20 questions. References: Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurements, 1, 385-401. www.cesdtalent.com General Overview. Originally published in 1977 after several years of validation on community and inpatient samples, the 20-item CES-D is one of the five most widely used measures of depression, used in 4.37 % of basic science studies and 1.36 % of treatment outcome studies when a measure of depression was used (Santor, Gregus, & Welch, …The Centre for Environment and Sustainable Development (CESD) The Centre for Environment and Sustainable Development (CESD) is built on the work of the Centre for Education in Environmental Sustainability (CEES), with new theme areas to emphasize active research in related areas of science for environmental health …In each region CESD will interview and select approximately 30 community members and local government officials from different villages to participate in a 2-day workshop on health care spending process. Workshop participants will be informed about health care budget for their region and each individual community. shot of art nycshahi kulfi The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CESD) was widely used for screening of depressive symptoms. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the factor structure and measurement invariance of the CESD across genders and groups in a sample of Chinese undergraduates and clinical …Cholesteryl ester storage disease (CESD) is a type of lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) deficiency; a rare genetic disorder characterized by a deficiency of the lysosomal acid lipase (LIPA or LAL) enzyme. This enzyme is essential for hydrolysis of triglycerides and cholesteryl esters in lysosomes. Deficiency of the LIPA enzyme causes accumulation of ...In each region CESD will interview and select approximately 30 community members and local government officials from different villages to participate in a 2-day workshop on health care spending process. Workshop participants will be informed about health care budget for their region and each individual community.This study examines the psychometric qualities of 8-item CESD (CESD-8) and 9-item CESD (CESD-9), and explores possible racial/ethnic differences in overall depressive symptoms. Using data from the 2010 Health and Retirement Study, 19,592 community-dwelling adults (40+) who self-identify as …CESD-284 Mẹ Chồng Thú Cưng Của Tôi 2 Rumi Kodama - Kodama Rumi. Thoạt nhìn, một người phụ nữ đã có gia đình, Rumi, đang sống một cuộc sống hạnh phúc, có một bí mật mà cô ấy không thể nói với chồng mình. Khi ở một mình với con rể, anh ta bị trói và huấn luyện như thú ...Center for Economic and Social Development. The Center for Economic and Social Development is a leading independent economic think tank in Azerbaijan. It's mission is …流调用抑郁自评量表,由美国国立精神卫生研究所Radloff编制于1977年,原名为流行学研究中心抑郁量表(center for epidemiological survey,depressionscale,CES-D)。. 此表较广泛地用于流行学调查,用以筛查出有抑郁症状的对象,以便进一步检查确诊。. 也有人用作临床检查 ...CII-ITC Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Development (CESD) is one of CII’s 9 Centres of excellence. CESD is a not for-profit, industry-led institution that helps business become sustainable organisations. It is on a mission to catalyse innovative ideas and solutions, in India, and globally, to enable business, and its stakeholders, in ...Le Collège européen de sécurité et de défense (CESD) est un réseau d’établissements d’enseignement chargé de dispenser des formations au personnel civil et militaire dans le domaine de la politique européenne de sécurité et de défense (PESD), de promouvoir une compréhension commune de cette politique et de diffuser les ...The 10-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10) is a depression screening tool that has been used in the South African National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS), a national household panel study. This screening tool has not yet been validated in South Africa. This study aimed to establish the reliability and validity of …Please call 1-800-273-TALK or If you are in a medical emergency or suicidal crisis, please call 911.The OAG’s work on environmental and sustainable development matters increased after the position of Commissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development (CESD) was created in 1995. As part of the CESD’s broad mandate, the CESD audits and reports on the federal government’s management of environmental and sustainable development issues. streetparking An Inter-district Transfer form must be completed for requests for transfer based on employment. CESD Board Policy: BP 5116- INTERDISTRICT ENROLLMENT. BP 5111-ADMISSION. BP 5111.1 RESIDENCY. Education Code section 48980 (h) Education Code section 35160.5 (b) (1) Education Code section 48204 (b) Open in New Tab. Se connecter. Identifiant. Mémoriser. (C'est sécuritaire?) Mot de passe. Attention : Respecter majuscules et minuscules. The 10-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10) is a depression screening tool that has been used in the South African National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS), a national household panel study. This screening tool has not yet ... spankx The Centre for Environment and Sustainable Development (CESD) is built on the work of the Centre for Education in Environmental Sustainability (CEES), with new theme areas to emphasize active research in related areas of science for environmental health and education for environmental sustainability for academic …With both ends of the rating scale collapsed to create dichotomous items, the optimal thresholds became 4 for CESD-10 and 7 for CESD-20, and the correponding performance indices were 0.67, 0.58, 0.56 and 0.69 for CESD-10, and 0.70, 0.58, 0.57 and 0.70 for …แบบวัดภาวะซึมเศร้า Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) ฉบับภาษาไทย. ซึ่งใช้ได้ในวัยรุ่นอายุ 15-18 ปี เป็นเครื่องมือประเภทให้เด็กตอบเอง (Self-report ... radiolabexpose san diego CESD was also the coordinator of the Leading Authority overseeing the Myanmar Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (MEITI). CESD also partners with the Comprehensive Development Education Centre (CDEC) , an organisation providing education and training services for youth and people working in development and several other stakeholders to fulfill … 2. 3. The score is the sum of the 20 questions. Possible range is 0-60. If more than four questions are missing answers, do not score the CES-D questionnaire. A score of 16 points or more is considered depressed. paige bueckers CESD was also the coordinator of the Leading Authority overseeing the Myanmar Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (MEITI). CESD also partners with the Comprehensive Development Education Centre (CDEC) , an organisation providing education and training services for youth and people working in development and several other stakeholders to fulfill …Something went wrong. There's an issue and the page could not be loaded. Reload page. 87K Followers, 151 Following, 691 Posts - See Instagram photos and videos from CESD Talent Agency (@cesdtalent)A 10-item short form (CESD-10) of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was developed by Andresen et al. in 1994 for use with relatively well older adults. The original CES-D (Radloff, 1977) consists of 20 descriptive statements of depressed mood. Ten items were selected to compose the short form through examination of the …Kod: CESD-820. Tajuk: 愛液×唾液×お漏らし 淫汁まみれレズビアン あおいれな みひな 明海こう あけみみう. Pelakon wanita: Rena Aoi, Koizumi (Mari Koizumi), Akemi Miu, Mihina (Azumi Hina, Nagai Mihina) Genre: Wanita matang, Lesbian, Kencing / Kencing, 3P / 4P, Ciuman Lesbian, HDTV. pembuat: セレブの友.The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CESD) scale is arguably one of the most common measures of depressive symptoms used in research, 1–4 including research with caregiver populations, that we highlight in this article. 5–10 The 20-item scale is relatively brief, with four response options for frequency of symptoms. However, briefer …The strongest correlations were with outcomes representing mental health (r=-0.71), vitality (r=-0.60) and the VAS-F (r=0.57). The weakest correlation was with the physical function score of the SF-36 (r=-0.37). The CESD-20 and CESD-10 are quick and easy to use. This study provides evidence in support of the reliability and … Se connecter. Identifiant. Mémoriser. (C'est sécuritaire?) Mot de passe. Attention : Respecter majuscules et minuscules. 1. Introduction. Depression is one of the most frequently reported psychiatric disorders in older adults [] and has been found to affect up to 50% of people living with …Potential benefits and uses of hydrogen. 3.1 Hydrogen is the lightest and most abundant chemical element. It is a carbon‑free energy carrier that produces no greenhouse‑gases 1 or other pollutants, releasing only water and heat when it is burned. Burning 1 kilogram of hydrogen releases 3 times more energy than … the twenty two london Introduction. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CESD) scale is arguably one of the most common measures of depressive symptoms used in …Jul 27, 2023 · (CESD stands for Cunningham-Escott-Slevin-Doherty.) The youngest of six children, William David Cunningham was born in San Francisco on Jan. 2, 1927. He enlisted in the U.S. Navy, served aboard a ... Publications. Reports to Parliament. 2022 Reports 1 to 5 of the Commissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development. lifecykel Purpose: The 20 items in the CES-D scale reflect on the components of depression in nine different groups as defined by the American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual–5. The CESD was developed in the 1970s and is a common screening tool for depression in adult populations. 23–25 The full measure consists of 20 questions and asks individuals how frequently they have had symptoms related to depression over the past week. 23 While the CESD is a reliable and valid measure, there has been concerns that the length of the test …CES-D(Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale)とは うつ病や抑うつ状態の自己評価尺度の検査 …になります。. 一般の方(特にうつ病と診断されていない方)におけるうつ病の発見を目的としています。. 米国国立精神保健研究所 (NIMH)によって開発され、その ... etch nashville CII-ITC Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Development (CESD) is one of CII’s 9 Centres of excellence. CESD is a not for-profit, industry-led institution that helps business become sustainable organisations. It is on a mission to catalyse innovative ideas and solutions, in India, and globally, to enable business, and its stakeholders, in ...1. Send E-mail with your submission to [email protected]. 2. You MUST indicate which of our offices you are submitting to, Los Angeles or New York. 3. You MUST include your contact phone number and e-mail address. 4. For a submission to any division of our Voice-Over Departments: provide a link to your voice demo.All Nights Away Notifications for Nights Away activities (including events involving adults only) will be approved directly by the District Commissioner (or their Deputy) and must be submitted via https:// cesd.org.u k /nan to ensure all the information provided on the form complies to the requirements for Nights Away. Thank you for submitting interest in our talent! We will reach out shortly with any follow up questions to create a portfolio for your needs. Publications. Reports to Parliament. 2022 Reports 1 to 5 of the Commissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development.cesd-388.mp4 1.62GB: 2017-06-12: Muat turun Sari kata bahasa Cina Kebocoran Tanpa Penapisan :: Kembali ke atas. Pengaki. n javtv. Tapak lucah AV Jepun terbaik, percuma selamanya, kelajuan tinggi, tiada lag, lebih 100,000 video, kemas kini setiap hari, tiada iklan semasa memainkan video.What does CESD abbreviation stand for? Explore the list of 68 best CESD meaning forms based on popularity. Most common CESD abbreviation full forms updated in October 2019.www.cesdtalent.com CESD Talent Agency. CESD Talent Agency. 12,937 likes · 3 talking about this · 5 were here. Bi-Coastal Talent Agency (NY & LA) Submission Info:... The CESD is a self-report rating scale that measures current symptoms of depression based on twenty items rated on a four-poing likert scale. It has a total score from zero to sixty, …Oct 22, 2014 · The aim of the present study was to examine the factor structure and psychometric properties of the 8-item short version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) in a large sample of European older adults. Data from The European Social Survey (ESS Round 6 Edition 1.1) provided the basis for this study (5,774 Males and 7,258 Females). Exploratory and confirmatory factor ... Please call 1-800-273-TALK or If you are in a medical emergency or suicidal crisis, please call 911.With both ends of the rating scale collapsed to create dichotomous items, the optimal thresholds became 4 for CESD-10 and 7 for CESD-20, and the corresponding performance indices were 0.67, 0.58, 0.56 and 0.69 for CESD-10, and 0.70, 0.58, 0.57 and 0.70 for CESD-20.Thank you for submitting interest in our talent! We will reach out shortly with any follow up questions to create a portfolio for your needs.CESD Talent Agency is the dominant force in commercial and theatrical talent representation for celebrities, actors, young performers, models and voice-over artists. Based in the media capitals of ...The CESD was developed in the 1970s and is a common screening tool for depression in adult populations. 23–25 The full measure consists of 20 questions and asks individuals how frequently they have had symptoms related to depression over the past week. 23 While the CESD is a reliable and valid measure, there has been concerns that the length of the test … mercedes benz lynnwoodpony salon decrease the number of false positives.7,17,18 Validation of the CESD-10 against the 20-item CES-D using a cut-offs of 8, 9, 10 has shown the cut-off of 10 or more, minimises false positives with little loss of sensitivity.10,11 Source Items The CESD-1010 was first included in full version of Survey 2 for all 3 age cohorts of the ALSWH. tara iti Background: The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D; Radloff, 1977) is a commonly used freely available self-report measure of depressive symptoms. Despite its popularity, several recent investigations have called into question the robustness and suitability of the commonly used 4-factor 20-item CES-D model. CESD Mental Health Support. For information on accessing mental health services for your child at school and/or community, please contact the School Principal or the Community and Student Engagement (CASE) Department at 714-228-3141 or [email protected]. Job Fair Wednesday, March 20th! See full list on counsellingresource.com There's an issue and the page could not be loaded. Reload page. 7,453 Followers, 558 Following, 383 Posts - See Instagram photos and videos from CESD Voiceover Department (@cesdvoiceover)Jun 1, 2022 · The CESD is a micro-level database compiled by China’s Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) which is used as the data basis for publications of China’s official environmental statistics ... 385 The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population Lenore Sawyer Radloff Center for Epidemiologic Studies National Institute of Mental Health The CES-D scale is a short self-report scale designed to measure depressive symptomatology in the general population.The items of the scale are symptoms associated with depression which haveCESD-R is a screening test for depression and depressive disorder based on DSM-V criteria. It measures symptoms of a major depressive episode and provides a score and feedback. CESD Mental Health Support. For information on accessing mental health services for your child at school and/or community, please contact the School Principal or the Community and Student Engagement (CASE) Department at 714-228-3141 or [email protected]. Job Fair Wednesday, March 20th! Center of Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, 10-item version (CES-D-10) (Andresen et al., 1994) Instructions: Below is a list of some of the ways you may have felt or behaved. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD) was created in 1977 by Laurie Radloff, 1 and revised in 2004 by William Eaton and others. 2 The CESD has been the workhorse of depression epidemiology since its first use in the Community Mental Health Assessment Surveys in the 1970’s, 3,4 and use in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. 5 It has survived ... Seek, Test, Treat and Retain for Vulnerable Populations: Data Harmonization Measure. Reference: MENTAL HEALTH. Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) Radloff, L.S. (1977). The CES-D Scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1:385-401. Thank you for submitting interest in our talent! We will reach out shortly with any follow up questions to create a portfolio for your needs. Center for Economic and Social Development (CESD) Assessment of the economic relations between Azerbaijan and the European Union in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war Gender Budgeting in Azerbaijan: Challenges and Perspectives Tourism in the South Caucasus region during the post-pandemic period What are the Drivers of Child Marriage: A ... 0 points Rarely or none of the time (< 1 day) 1 point Some or a little of the time (1-2 days) 2 points Occasionally or a moderate amount of the time (3-4 days) 3 points Most or all of the time (5-7 days) For questions 4, 8, 12, and 16, the scoring is exactly the same except that it is reversed: "Most or all of the time" is scored 0 points ... Publications. Reports to Parliament. 2022 Reports 1 to 5 of the Commissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development. mackenzie golf bagsbingo australia The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale—Revised (CESD-R; Eaton et al., 2004) was developed in the context of reviewing the history of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD; Radloff, 1977) and its uses. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale—Revised assesses individuals for depressive symptoms. The CESD-R was developed from the CESD to ... CESD-814.mp4 HD 7.20GB: 2019-09-22: Muat turun Sari kata bahasa Cina Kebocoran Tanpa Penapisan :: Kembali ke atas. Pengaki. MISS AV. Tapak lucah AV Jepun terbaik, percuma selamanya, kelajuan tinggi, tiada lag, lebih 100,000 video, kemas kini setiap hari, tiada iklan semasa memainkan video.Thank you for submitting interest in our talent! We will reach out shortly with any follow up questions to create a portfolio for your needs.The CESD instrument has several strengths to it, first it is a systematic tool for screening of depression symptoms as it is comprised of six scales representing various key major domains of depression such as depressed mood, feelings of guilt and worthlessness, feelings of helplessness and hopelessness, psychomotor retardation, loss of appetite and …Results. Significant depressive symptoms (CES-D score ≥4) were more prevalent in English than US adults (17.6% vs. 14.6%, adjusted Wald test F (1, 1593) = 11.4, p<0.001). Adjusted rates of depressive symptoms in England were 19% higher compared to the US (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.40). US adults had higher levels of education, and net worth ...I felt that people dislike me. I could not get “going.”. SCORING: zero for answers in the first column, 1 for answers in the second column, 2 for answers in the third column, 3 for answers in the fourth column. The scoring of positive items is reversed. Possible range of scores is zero to 60, with the higher scores indicating the … al biernats Established in 1875 and was the first school district in California to provide free textbooks to students. Today, the district's nine elementary schools are in the neighboring cities of Buena Park, Anaheim, and La Palma. Centralia School District is located in beautiful Southern California in the north part of Orange County. Orange County is located between Los Angeles and San Diego counties. The 10-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10) is a depression screening tool that has been used in the South African National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS), a national household panel study. This screening tool has not yet ...CESD as a depression screening tool in the general population with good psychometric properties [7]. CESD has been used to assess depression among adolescents in the United States [8], in Sweden [13], and in Thailand [5]. Carol et al. (1999) also has shown a high sensitivity and specificity of CESD when were crescent down workscove home security One of the most common screening tests for helping an individual to determine his or her depression quotient, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was originally developed by Lenore Radloff of Utah State University. The quick self-test measures depressive feelings and behaviours … See more Thank you for submitting interest in our talent! We will reach out shortly with any follow up questions to create a portfolio for your needs. buddy's ristorante The Center of Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD-8) is a reduced version of the original Center of Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (Bracke et al., 2008) used to identify ...A 10-item short form (CESD-10) of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was developed by Andresen et al. in 1994 for use with relatively well older adults. The original CES-D (Radloff, 1977) consists of 20 descriptive statements of depressed mood. Ten items were selected to compose the short form through examination of the …May 7, 2019 · A diagnostic algorithm was developed for the CESD-R based on DSM criteria to allow for its use as a screening tool. Unlike the original CES-D and its short forms, which only require respondents to exceed a minimum sum score without specifying the nature of the symptoms, the CESD-R algorithm requires respondents to exceed pre-defined thresholds for specific symptom categories: First, the DSM-5 ... burtonssecretary of state in chicago illinois May 7, 2019 · A diagnostic algorithm was developed for the CESD-R based on DSM criteria to allow for its use as a screening tool. Unlike the original CES-D and its short forms, which only require respondents to exceed a minimum sum score without specifying the nature of the symptoms, the CESD-R algorithm requires respondents to exceed pre-defined thresholds for specific symptom categories: First, the DSM-5 ... Scale Evaluation. Item Responses Full versions of Survey 2 were completed by 9 604 Younger women, 11 648 mid-age women and 9 514 older women. The distribution of their responses to the CESD-10 items is shown in Table 1. Proportions of missing data for the CESD-10 items were similar for the Younger (1.3-2.7%) …The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale . The CES-D scale was developed to screen for depression by measuring the frequency of events and ideas over the past week ().The CES-D scale is a 20-item instrument with each item rated on a four-point scale ranging from 0 (“rarely or none of the time”) …The CES-D is a 20-item self-report measure of depressive symptoms, originally designed for epidemiological studies. It has been used as a screening tool for MDD, but …The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression-10 (CES-D-10) scale is known for its good psychometric properties in measuring depressive symptoms, however, some researchers question its applicability across various settings. This study explored the factor structure of the CES-D-10 in low- and mid …Looking for online definition of CESD or what CESD stands for? CESD is listed in the World's most authoritative dictionary of abbreviations and acronyms The Free Dictionary2022 Reports 1 to 5 of the Commissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development. 2021 Reports 3 to 7 of the Commissioner of the Environment and …Cholesteryl ester storage disease (CESD) is a type of lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) deficiency; a rare genetic disorder characterized by a deficiency of the lysosomal acid lipase (LIPA or LAL) enzyme. This enzyme is essential for hydrolysis of triglycerides and cholesteryl esters in lysosomes. Deficiency of the LIPA enzyme causes accumulation of ...Centre for Economic and Social Development, Yangon. 9,616 likes · 2 talking about this · 500 were here. CESD is an independent and non-political think tank supporting evidence-based policy making in... Cet article court présente la version française de l’échelle CES-D, instrument destiné á être employé en population générale. Les 20 items de l’échelle sont souvent présents chez les déprimés et sont issus d’instruments déjà validés dans la mesure clinique des états dépressifs. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Cet article court présente la version française de l’échelle CES-D, instrument destiné á être employé en population générale. Les 20 items de l’échelle sont souvent présents chez les déprimés et sont issus d’instruments déjà validés dans la mesure clinique des états dépressifs. decrease the number of false positives.7,17,18 Validation of the CESD-10 against the 20-item CES-D using a cut-offs of 8, 9, 10 has shown the cut-off of 10 or more, minimises false positives with little loss of sensitivity.10,11 Source Items The CESD-1010 was first included in full version of Survey 2 for all 3 age cohorts of the ALSWH. The Total CESD-R Score is calculated as a sum of responses to all 20 questions. In order to make the revised CESD-R have the same range as the original version i.e., the ‘CESD style score’), the values for the top two responses are given the same value: Not at all or less than one day = 0; 1-2 days = 1; 3-4 days = 2; 5-7 days = 3 Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale – Revised (CESD-R), Deutsche Fassung. Nachstehend finden Sie Beschreibungen, wie Sie sich möglicherweise zuletzt gefühlt oder verhalten haben. Bitte kreisen Sie rechts jeweils diejenige Zahl an, die am besten beschreibt, wie oft Sie sich in den letzten 1 bis 2 Wochen so gefühlt haben. nepenthes nyjimmy choe Introduction. Depression is a common but serious mental illness typically characterized by sad, hopeless, or anxious feelings. The age of onset for depression has been falling, making university students particularly vulnerable to developing depression ().In addition, university can be a challenging time for students, as students struggle with … aurelien Jun 1, 2022 · The CESD is a micro-level database compiled by China’s Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) which is used as the data basis for publications of China’s official environmental statistics ... The CES-D is a 20-item self-report measure of depressive symptoms, originally designed for epidemiological studies. It has been used as a screening tool for MDD, but …Se connecter. Identifiant. Mémoriser. (C'est sécuritaire?) Mot de passe. Attention : Respecter majuscules et minuscules.Live Cam Sex. Petsa ng Paglabas: 2015-03-09. Code: CESD-101. Pamagat: パンストを穿いた特命秘書 黒いパンティーストッキングの奥に秘められた爆乳淫女のお仕事 篠田あゆみ. Aktres: Ayumi Shinoda. Genre: mature na babae, kalihim, Slut, malalaking suso, pantyhose pampitis, Iisang trabaho, hi-vision. Serye ...Unang lesbian ban ni Mizusawa Riko! Nakapagtataka, ang kabilang partido ay si Yumi Kazama, isang beteranang aktres. Si Yumi, na nagpahayag na siya ay magbibigay ng lektura sa mga kasiyahan ng mga kababaihan sa pamamagitan ng pag-alis ng tensyon, sa pamamagitan ng banayad na mga halik at haplos ay ipinadama sa kanya. Excited sa sarap ng …to offer innovative solutions to overcome binding constraints to the transition. The Centre for Economic and Social Development (CESD) is an independent and non-political thinktank …The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CESD) was widely used for screening of depressive symptoms. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the factor structure and measurement invariance of the CESD across genders and groups in a sample of Chinese undergraduates and clinical …The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale—Revised (CESD-R; Eaton et al., 2004) was developed in the context of reviewing the history of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD; Radloff, 1977) and its uses. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale—Revised assesses individuals for depressive symptoms. The …Results. Significant depressive symptoms (CES-D score ≥4) were more prevalent in English than US adults (17.6% vs. 14.6%, adjusted Wald test F (1, 1593) = 11.4, p<0.001). Adjusted rates of depressive symptoms in England were 19% higher compared to the US (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.40). US adults had higher levels of education, and net worth ... decrease the number of false positives.7,17,18 Validation of the CESD-10 against the 20-item CES-D using a cut-offs of 8, 9, 10 has shown the cut-off of 10 or more, minimises false positives with little loss of sensitivity.10,11 Source Items The CESD-1010 was first included in full version of Survey 2 for all 3 age cohorts of the ALSWH. 医学量表、计算器 / / 流行病学调查用抑郁自评量表(CES-D). 量表说明: 由美国国立精神卫生研究所于1997年编制,该量表共包含20条题目,反映了抑郁症状的六个侧面:抑郁心情、罪恶感和无价值感、无助和无望感、精神运动性迟滞、食欲丧失以及 …Moodle. myBlueprint. Out of Area Request. PowerSchool. QuickPay - Online Fee Payment. Safety Response Summary. Technology Use Agreement. Weekdays 'til 6. 2022-2023 Exam Calendar.The OAG’s work on environmental and sustainable development matters increased after the position of Commissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development (CESD) was created in 1995. As part of the CESD’s broad mandate, the CESD audits and reports on the federal government’s management of environmental and sustainable development issues.The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CESD) scale is arguably one of the most common measures of depressive symptoms used in research, 1–4 …CESD-R is a self-report scale that measures symptoms of depression in the general population. It is based on the original CESD scale, revised in 2004 by William Eaton and …The CESD is a self-report rating scale that measures current symptoms of depression based on twenty items rated on a four-poing likert scale. It has a total score from zero to sixty, …The CESD-R is a valid measurement instrument, used to record the diagnosis and severity of depression disorders according to DSM-5 in clinical studies [25, 26]. The CESD-R consists of 20 items ...The aim of the present study was to examine the factor structure and psychometric properties of the 8-item short version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) in a large sample of European older adults. Data from The European Social Survey (ESS Round 6 Edition 1.1) provided the basis for this study … 1. Send E-mail with your submission to [email protected]. 2. You MUST indicate which of our offices you are submitting to, Los Angeles or New York. 3. You MUST include your contact phone number and e-mail address. 4. For a submission to any division of our Voice-Over Departments: provide a link to your voice demo. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale—Revised (CESD-R; Eaton et al., 2004) was developed in the context of reviewing the history of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD; Radloff, 1977) and its uses. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale—Revised assesses individuals for depressive symptoms. The CESD-R was developed from the CESD to ... hidden house coffeelifetime burr ridge CESD-R is a free online tool to measure symptoms of depression in nine groups based on the DSM-5 criteria. Learn how to calculate the depression scores and categories, and the logic behind the algorithm used to determine the depressive symptom categories. Cholesteryl ester storage disease (CESD) is a type of lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) deficiency; a rare genetic disorder characterized by a deficiency of the lysosomal acid lipase (LIPA or LAL) enzyme. This enzyme is essential for hydrolysis of triglycerides and cholesteryl esters in lysosomes. Deficiency of the LIPA enzyme causes accumulation of ...Se connecter. Identifiant. Mémoriser. (C'est sécuritaire?) Mot de passe. Attention : Respecter majuscules et minuscules.www.cesdtalent.comCESD-284 Mẹ Chồng Thú Cưng Của Tôi 2 Rumi Kodama - Kodama Rumi. Thoạt nhìn, một người phụ nữ đã có gia đình, Rumi, đang sống một cuộc sống hạnh phúc, có một bí mật mà cô ấy không thể nói với chồng mình. Khi ở một mình với con rể, anh ta bị trói và huấn luyện như thú ...cesd-388.mp4 1.62GB: 2017-06-12: Muat turun Sari kata bahasa Cina Kebocoran Tanpa Penapisan :: Kembali ke atas. Pengaki. n javtv. Tapak lucah AV Jepun terbaik, percuma selamanya, kelajuan tinggi, tiada lag, lebih 100,000 video, kemas kini setiap hari, tiada iklan semasa memainkan video. candylab The CESD is a 20-item scale that asks caregivers to rate how often they experienced symptoms of depression over the past week, such as restless sleep, poor appetite, and loneliness. It has been used to screen for and monitor depression among community-residing older adults and to compare caregivers' and non-caregivers' psychological health. Se connecter. Identifiant. Mémoriser. (C'est sécuritaire?) Mot de passe. Attention : Respecter majuscules et minuscules. decrease the number of false positives.7,17,18 Validation of the CESD-10 against the 20-item CES-D using a cut-offs of 8, 9, 10 has shown the cut-off of 10 or more, minimises false positives with little loss of sensitivity.10,11 Source Items The CESD-1010 was first included in full version of Survey 2 for all 3 age cohorts of the ALSWH. Cet article court présente la version française de l’échelle CES-D, instrument destiné á être employé en population générale. Les 20 items de l’échelle sont souvent présents chez les déprimés et sont issus d’instruments déjà validés dans la mesure clinique des états dépressifs. ruby and jennahvac chicago ---2